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Thunderstorm Hazards Thunderstorms represent a high potential threat for any airplane which flies inside and around thunderstorms. there are many hazards that you can find in a thunderstorm are hail, snow, heavy rain, lightning, unstable air creating updrafts and downdrafts, wind-shear in the vicinity of a thunderstorm, you could also find microburst which is a strong downdraft that could get you in a strong rate of descent of up to 6,000 feet per minute.  A microburst, as mention before, is a strong downdraft that has different scenery situations while flying through it, there are two types of microbursts, wet microbursts, and dry microbursts. In the beginning, you will experience a headwind and then it will transition to the lost of headwind and finally tailwind which is where you can experience the highest rate of descent, that is because of the strong downdraft that makes the airplane unstable and without the required airspeed to stay in the air, this is because in some ca
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Flight Service Station and Area Control Center  Flight service station or FSS is a facility service that helps pilots to have different services in fly or on the ground those services can be updated weather information, filing VFR, IFR flight-plans and also gives you the possibility to file flight-plans in the air, you can also request briefings regarding your flight, get NOTAMs regarding airports, airspaces, military activity. Air traffic control center also known as ARTCCs is a facility that is in charge of controlling and routing airplanes that are normally cruising to their destination, normally at higher altitudes, and are in charge of managing a high volume of traffic, normally provide traffic separation, weather advisories and will help you to transition from the en-route environment to the approach environment. You can also request weather information to ARTCCs but due to the high volume of traffic is not always possible. For that reason, Flight service station i
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Airport Environment Hazard The presence of wildlife in the airport environment is a huge challenge to airport managers as well as a treat to airplanes, passengers, and infrastructure in the airport and around the airport.  It is estimated that during the last century the aviation industry has lost hundreds of lives as well as billions of dollars across the world due to several factors related to the presence of wildlife in the airport environment, like birds, animals crossing the runways, and in some cases even humans.  There have been many examples of what could happen when an airplane collided with birds, in many cases causing engine failures, structural damage to the airplane's fuselage, and in some cases total loss of power. An example is flight 1549, an US Airways flight, which experience a total loss of power after taking off from LaGuardia airport and hit some birds during the climb. Bio acoustic technology is now being used in order to mitigate and re
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CIVIL AERONAUTICS ACT (1938) In 1938, President Roosevelt signed the civil aeronautics act, with the purpose of regulating air transportation, develop, improve the national defense system, mail service, as well as foreign and domestic commerce. With the creation of the civil aeronautics act, several tasks performed to improve aviation as well as air commerce. Between August 1938 and October 1939, the CAA investigate over 2667 accidents, making recommendations to prevent similar accidents to happen in the future as well as new safety standards in areas like certification of airmen, aircraft inspection, and research on health issues related to the aviation environment amount Others. The CAA ran civilian pilot training, certifying over 8313 new civilian pilots, that work was possible thanks to the work of 435 collages and 528 flight schools that worked together with the CAA.  CAA was reorganized in 1940 and as a result, two more agencies were borne, the civil aeronaut
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Crew Resource Management  Crew resource management was created to manage all the possible resources available in a cockpit, this system helps us to reduce human error. It is not only applied in the aviation industry but also is used for firefighting, health care, and maintenance fields. Crew resource management is basically the application of human factor knowledge as well as flight skills and operation. The main goal is to perform a safe flight. Crew resource management is the conjunction of some elements, those are proper communication between pilots and flight crew members as well as ATC personal, and dispatch. Proper operation and communication with all of those areas will help the pilots, and the people involved to increase the situation of awareness in cases like taking off, flying, taxying, refueling, parking, and much more as well as reducing possible human error. An essential item to take into consideration to properly perform all those operations safely
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Airport Security And TSA

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Airport Security And TSA TSA or Transportation Security Administration is an agency created by Homeland Security with the responsibility of watching for the safety of the people flying every day in and out of the United States.  With a System of 20 layers, TSA is able to guarantee and perform all the tasks assigned by Homeland Security to keep travelers safe. Those layers are intelligence, customs, and border protection, joint terrorism task force, no-fly and passengers pre-screening, crew vetting, VIPR, canine, behavior detection, travel document checker, checkpoint/transportation security officers, checked baggage, transportation security inspectors, random employee screening, transportation security specialists-explosives, federal air marshal service, federal flight deck officers, trained flight crew, law enforcement officers, hardened cockpit door, passengers. Each and every single of those layers are used by TSA to protect people. Within those activities performed by
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